1 Texas A&M University
(TAMU), Real Estate Center, Travis
County, Population and Components of Change,
2 Greater Austin Chamber
of Commerce (Austin Chamber), Living in Austin (1998), 12.
3 Defined as those
arriving in the last three years. The Benchmark Company, Austin Newcomer
Study (September 1997).
4 Capitol Market Research,
Austin Apartment Survey (December 1998).
5 Austin Investors
Interests, Austin MSA Real Estate Market in Review: the Yearend Report
(1999), 3.
6 City of Austin, Planning,
Environmental, and Conservation Services.
7 Capitol Market Research.
8 The MSA gained 29,000
jobs when the boundaries were changed in 1993. Austin Chamber.
9 Texas Workforce Commission,
Austin MSA Profile.
10 Benchmark, 15.
11 U.S. Department
of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), Community Planning and Development
(CPD) Notice PDR-99-01 (January 27, 1999). Available from http://www.hud.gov.
12 Regional
Economic Income Statistics, Average wage per job for counties and metropolitan
areas, 1994-1997
13 U.S. Bureau of the
Census, Statistical Abstract of the United States (1998).
14 Center for Public
Policy Priorities, Working
but Poor: A study of the forgotten Texans who work hard yet remain in poverty
(Austin, Texas 1999), 2-4.
15 Texas Workforce
Commission, Capital
Area Workforce Development Area Projections by Occupation, 1996-2006;
16 Richard R. Troxell,
Wages as a Barrier to Housing, House the Homeless, Inc. (Austin,
TX, March 30, 1999). Similarly, the National Low Income Housing Coalition
calculated that $9.92 per hour was needed.
17 While housing stock
(both single-family and multifamily) has grown at a higher rate than the
overall population, this does not necessarily mean the number of units
is adequate. With the influx of young professionals, the number of residentsper
household may be declining, increasing the number of units needed to house
the same overall population.
18 Capitol Market Research.
19 Austin Investor
Interests, 3.
20Capitol Market Research.
21 Charles Heimsath,
interview by Elizabeth Mueller, Margaret Shaw, and Terry Mitchell, Austin,
Tx., 9 February 1999. Ninety-five percent occupancy is considered a landlord's
market, 90 percent a renter's market
22 Texas
A&M University, Real Estate Center.
23 HUD Press Release
No. 99-16 (January 20, 1999), available from http://www.hud.gov.
24 Austin Investor
Interests, 4.
25 Capitol Market Research.
26 Heimsath.
27 Austin Investor
Interests.
28 See also Capitol Market
Research, City of Austin: Housing Affordability Analysis. Prepared
for City of Austin, (Austin, Tx.: 1995).
29 Texas
A&M University, Real Estate Center.
30 Texas Low Income Housing
Information Service, Rental
Housing Costs in Major Texas Cities, 1996.
31 Texas
Department of Housing and Community Affairs 1990.
32 ADAPT of Texas, Comments
on 1995 City of Austin Consolidated Plan, (1995), 9.
33 ADAPT of Texas, Written
comments to City of Austin's Neighborhood Housing and Community Development
Office, (March 25, 1999), n.p.
34 Austin Tenants Council,
"The Face of Discrimination: Sharp Rise in Housing Discrimination
Complaints based on Disability," Housing Rights Advocate (1999).
35 Austin Investor Interests
and TAMU Real Estate Center. For their calculations, the Real Estate Center
assumes that buyers have good credit histories and will make a 20% downpayment
on a home purchase.
36 Edward G. Goetz, Shelter
Burden: Local Politics and Progressive Housing Policy (Philadelphia:
Temple University Press, 1993). Actual expenditures did not fall as dramatically
as budgetary authority.
37 HUD, Opening Doors
for More Americans: FY 2000 HUD Budget Summary (February 1999), 14.
38 Jeremy Mazur, Austin's
Affordable Housing Crisis (unpublished manuscript), Texas Low Income
Housing Information Service (Austin, Tx., 1999).
39 Ibid.
40 Housing
Authority of the City of Austin.
41 Goetz.
42 Texas Association
of Community Development Corporations. Texas Community Developer
(1997).
43 Texas
Department of Housing and Community Affairs.
44 Mary E. Brooks, A
Status Report on Housing Trust Funds in the United States (Frazier
Park, CA: September 1997) , 12-13, 73-76.
45 HUD, CPD Notice PDR-99-01.
46 City of Austin, Neighborhood
Housing and Community Development, 1995 Consolidated Plan, (Austin,
Tx, 1995), 4-17.
47 HUD, FY 2000 Budget
Summary, 14.
48 Community Action Network,
Community Assessment Report 1998, (Austin, Tx., 1998), Figure 4.6.6.
49 Ibid.
50 Housing
Authority of the City of Austin.
51 Diana McIver, interview
by Elizabeth Mueller and Margaret Shaw, Austin, Texas, 5 May 1999.
52 Housing
Authority of the City of Austin.
53 City of Austin, Neighborhood
Housing and Community Development.
54 Katherine Stark, interview
with Elizabeth Mueller, Austin, Texas, 5 May 1999.
55 Consumers Union, Southwest
Regional Office and Texas Community Reinvestment Coalition, Access to
the Dream: Home Mortgage Lending in Texas; Texas Community Reinvestment
Coalition Lending Report #2. (Austin, TX: , February 1998).
56 Ibid, 9.
57 Ibid, 6.
58 Blake Magee, interview
by Margaret Shaw, Austin, Tx., 26 May1999.
59 Harry Savio, interview
by Elizabeth Mueller, Austin, Tx., 19 May 1999.
60 Paul Bury, interview
by Terry Mitchell, Austin, Tx., 7 June1999.
61 City of Austin, Neighborhood
Housing and Community Development.
62 Michael Oden, et.al.
"Siting Issues in Affordable Housing" (unpublished report), University
of Texas, School of Architecture (Austin, Tx, May 1999).
63 Innovative Housing
Institute, The House Next
Door,1998
64 Capital Area Planning
Council, Alamo Area Council of Governments, and Greater Austin-San Antonio
Corridor Council, State of the Region Report (1998) 34.
65 Jon Hockenyos, interview
by Margaret Shaw, 27April 1999.
66 City of Austin, Planning,
Environmental and Conservation Services.
67 HUD, The State of
the Cities (1998), iii..
68 Austin Chamber.
69 HUD, A Top 10
List of Things to Know About American Cities, Cityscape, vol.3, no.3,
(1998) 9.
70 Sierra Club, The
Dark Side of the American Dream: Costs and Consequences of Suburban Sprawl,
(1998) 3.
71 Phillip J. Longman,
"Who Pays for Sprawl?" U.S. News & World Report, 27
April 1998, 22-23.
72 TAMU,
Real Estate Center
73 Austin Board of Realtors.
TAMU, Real Estate Center.
74 Oden.
75 Harry Savio, interview
by Margaret Shaw, 4 June 1999.
76 City of Austin, Planning,
Environmental and Conservation Services.
77 Capitol Market Research.
Austin Apartment Survey, 1998.
78 TAMU,
Real Estate Center.
79 Robert G. Paterson
and Schleen Johnson, "Managing Growth Pressures in Unincorporated
Texas: Problems and Options for Change," (unpublished manuscript)
University of Texas at Austin, School of Architecture, (Austin, Tx: November
1998) 1-2.
80 Paterson, Part III.
Ralph K.M. Haurwitz, "Reports: Ill-Regulated Suburban Growth A Threat,"
Austin American Statesman. 12 December 1998.
81 Paterson, Part II.
82 Sierra Club, 18.
83 TAMU, Texas Transportation
Institute, "Study
Shows Traffic Jams Not Just a Big City Problem," (12 November
1998)
84 TAMU, Texas Transportation
Institute, "Mobility Study,"
(1998) 50-52
85 TAMU, Mobility Study, 80-82.
86 Ibid, 93.
87 Longman, 22-23.
88 HUD, State of the
Cities, vi-viii.
89 Ibid, vii-viii.
90 Ibid, viii -ix.
91 Ibid, viii-ix.
92 Hockenyos.
93 Earl Golz, "Low
Unemployment Creates Hiring Crunch" (22 January 1999) and R. Michelle
Breyer, "Labor Gap Plagues Builders" (30 May 1999) Austin-American
Statesman.
94 Patricia Hayes, speech
for Partners for Smart Growth Conference (Austin, Texas) 17 December 1998.
95 Michael A. Stegman,
"A Rich Tapestry: States and Localities Take the Lead in Affordable
Housing," (unpublished manuscript), Center for Community Capitalism,
University of North Carolina, (Chapel Hill, 1999), VIII-4.
96 Central Texas Homeward
Bound, Homeownership Center.
97 Richard H. Halpin,
interview by Margaret Shaw, Austin, Tx., 2 June 1999.
98 Karen Free, "Where
has the Affordable Housing Gone?" Habitat World, June/July
1999, 3.
99 Available from http://www.federalreserve.gov/DCCA/CRA.
100 Stegman,V-7.
101 Ibid, I-14.
102 Ibid, I-23.
103 Ibid, I-28.
104 Ibid, I-37.
105 Ibid, V-5.
106 Diana McIver, interview
by Margaret Shaw, 5 May 1999.
107 Ibid, V-20.
108 Ibid, V-15.
109 Ibid, VI-21.
110 Ibid, I-29.
111 Ibid, I-31.
112 Mary E. Brooks,
interview by Margaret Shaw, 21 April 1998.
113 Brooks, A Status
Report on Housing Trust Funds in the United States, 89.
114 Stegman, VIII-3.
115 Ibid, VIII-8-9.
116 HUD, FY 1998
Budget Summary, 14.
117 San Antonio Housing
Trust Foundation, Inc.
118 Ibid, IV-7.
119 "Silicon Valley
Trust Addresses Housing Crunch," Austin American Statesman,
30 December1998.
120 Stegman, I-14.
121 Ibid, VIII-1.
122 Ibid, I-38.
